Qualitative data vs quantitative data: which pair is correct?

• A. Qualitative data are numerical; quantitative data are descriptive.
• B. A log of all financial expenditures.
• C. Qualitative data are descriptive (interviews, observations); quantitative data are numerical (surveys with Likert scales, metrics).
• D. Qualitative data can be ignored in data-driven decisions.

Answer: (C)

Qualitative data describe qualities, meanings, and attributes and are inherently descriptive and non-numeric, often gathered through interviews, observations, or open-ended responses. Quantitative data measure amounts and are numerical, enabling counting and statistical analysis, such as metrics or survey responses that yield numbers (even when using Likert scales treated numerically). The pairing that fits this distinction correctly states that qualitative data are descriptive and qualitative sources include interviews and observations, while quantitative data are numerical and come from metrics or numeric survey results. The other options mix up the definitions—saying qualitative data are numerical is incorrect, and while a log of expenditures is a data record, it doesn’t define the data types, and assuming qualitative data can be ignored in data-driven decisions overlooks the value of contextual, interpretive information in analysis.