In problem solving, what is a bias?

• A. A neutral, objective stance
• B. A random guess
• C. A tendency, inclination, or prejudice toward or against something
• D. A proven method

Answer: (C)

Bias is a tendency, inclination, or prejudice toward or against something. In problem solving, that means your judgments and conclusions can be colored by what you already think or prefer, so some evidence seems more convincing and other evidence seems weaker even when both deserve careful weighing. This can push you toward a solution too quickly, trap you in familiar approaches, or dismiss valid counterarguments, leading to skewed results.

Because bias describes a directional leaning rather than neutrality, it helps explain why we sometimes overlook good alternatives or cling to a preferred outcome despite new information. A neutral, objective stance aims to be free of such leaning; a random guess isn’t biased but lacks a systematic direction; a proven method is about applying reliable steps, not about a built-in preference. Recognizing bias and using strategies like challenging assumptions, seeking disconfirming evidence, and using structured problem‑solving tools can help counter its effects.