In a program logic model, which statement correctly defines outputs?

• A. Outputs are intangible changes in policy.
• B. Outputs are the expected long-term outcomes.
• C. Outputs are the budget line items.
• D. Outputs are the immediate products or services delivered by the program.

Answer: (D)

In a program logic model, outputs are the concrete, immediate products of what the program does. They are what you actually deliver or provide as a result of activities—such as the number of workshops conducted, services rendered, or materials distributed. These are observable, countable deliverables that occur right after the activities are carried out. They aren’t about policy changes (those are outcomes), nor about long-term effects (also outcomes or impact), and they aren’t the budget items (inputs). So describing outputs as the immediate products or services delivered by the program captures the right concept.